The relationship between Nepal and India has long been unique, shaped by shared cultural and religious ties, an open border regime, democratic governance and a history of cross-border kinship and cooperation. India remained a major destination for Nepali labor migration and higher education for a long time. Recruitment of Nepali youths into the Indian armed forces further reinforces bilateral relations while India’s contribution to Nepal’s democratic transition earned widespread respect....

Climate change is transforming the Himalayas into a zone of escalating risk, endangering shared rivers, infrastructure and livelihoods across Nepal and India. Only a deeper, science-driven partnership can turn this growing vulnerability into long-term regional resilience. The Himalayas, often called the “Third Pole” for their vast store of ice and snow, are melting faster than ever. The consequences of this fundamental shift in the climate system extend across South Asia, reshaping rivers,...