Twenty years ago, I penned my first article on Bangladesh, focusing on student violence incited by the Jamaat-e-Islami student wing. They threatened students who celebrated Valentine's Day, marking a turbulent period as elements in the BNP-Jamaat government wanted to emulate Taliban-style rule in Bangladesh. The recent 2024 unrest has rekindled memories of those volatile times, emphasising the urgent need to address the dangers of student politics, which continue to mar Bangladesh's reputation. This piece explores the roots of the current protests, the unfolding events, and their broader implications for Bangladesh and beyond.
Historical Context of the Quota System
The genesis of Bangladesh's quota system lies in the aftermath of the 1971 Liberation War. Special provisions were established for the children of freedom fighters across various sectors, including government employment. However, in 2018, widespread student protests led to the abolition of these quotas, arguing that they were outdated and placed other candidates at a disadvantage. This decision was contested in 2021 by the children of freedom fighters, culminating in a significant legal battle. Recently, the High Court reinstated the quotas, sparking renewed student protests.
High Court Decision and Public Response
The High Court's ruling to reintroduce quotas for freedom fighters' descendants elicited mixed reactions. While the government allowed peaceful demonstrations and pursued an appeal, it urged students to wait for the Supreme Court's decision in August 2024, illustrating the government's constrained ability to influence ongoing judicial matters.
Escalation and Political Interference
On July 18, 2024, the student protests intensified, leading to widespread violence. It became apparent that political actors were exploiting the movement to create chaos. Significant damage was inflicted on public and private property, including critical infrastructure. The scale of destruction was unprecedented, affecting transportation systems, government buildings, and even causing a prison break that freed religious militants.
Political entities, particularly the BNP and Jamaat-e-Islami, infiltrated the protests, effectively hijacking the movement. Amnesty International reported unlawful use of force by authorities, including live ammunition, resulting in numerous deaths and injuries among protesters, journalists, and bystanders. The government's internet shutdown exacerbated the chaos, creating a communication blackout.
Government and Student Reactions
In response to the violence, genuine protesting students distanced themselves from the destructive actions and condemned the interference by third-party groups. The government imposed a curfew and deployed armed forces to restore order. On July 21, 2024, the Supreme Court overturned the High Court's decision and instructed the government to reform the quota system. The government complied, introducing new guidelines that were accepted by the protesting students.
Ban on Jamaat-e-Islami
Following the violent escalation and Jamaat-e-Islami's involvement, the Bangladeshi government announced a ban on the radical Islamist party. This decision aims to curb extremist influences in the political landscape and prevent future exploitation of student movements. The ban represents a crucial step towards stabilising the country's political environment and addressing the roots of such unrest.
Global Repercussions
The turmoil in Bangladesh had international ramifications. In East London, UK, a UK Chattra League meeting was attacked on July 18 by BNP and Jamaat-e-Islami activists. British far-right commentators on social media seized upon this event.
British politicians also weighed in. Former Immigration Minister Peter Jenrick said the riots in Leeds and the disorder in Whitechapel, London had “raised serious questions about whether Britain had done enough to integrate migrants.” Jenrick, now a potential leadership candidate for the Conservatives, emphasised the need for cohesive national unity.
Nigel Farage MP, leader of Reform UK, warned earlier in the week about importing “the politics of the subcontinent.” In response to global concerns, the UK Awami League organised a rally on July 29 outside the UK Parliament to lobby British MPs, counteract misinformation, and seek support against the BNP and Jamaat-e-Islami.
The Role of Misinformation
Misinformation played a significant role in escalating the protests. False narratives and exaggerated reports fuelled public anger and confusion, overshadowing the genuine voices of students. Media portrayals significantly influenced public perception, underscoring the need for accurate and responsible journalism. Amnesty International documented numerous human rights abuses during the protests, including arbitrary arrests and lethal force, highlighting the necessity for accountability and transparency, which the government must address.
Conclusion
The 2024 student protests in Bangladesh illustrate the intricate interplay between legitimate grievances and political manipulation. As the nation navigates this challenging period, it is vital to combat misinformation, ensure justice, and support peaceful, democratic movements. The international community also has a role in aiding Bangladesh's pursuit of stability and fairness. The decision to ban Jamaat-e-Islami marks a pivotal step towards mitigating extremist influences and fostering a more stable political environment. But the fissures in Bangladesh need to be addressed. Conflict mediation is desperately needed between warring parties. Bangladesh can’t continue to ignore it. The UK and Bangladesh need to learn from each other. Islamist radicalism is tearing into social cohesion in both countries. Global cooperation against it is critical moving forward.
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