As of late 2024, the World Bank identified China as Pakistan's largest bilateral creditor, holding approximately $29 billion in loans, constituting about 22% of Pakistan's total external debt. Pakistan sustains its economic needs on external financial assistance, how long will the country stay in this debt trap?
India and Pakistan have reached a ceasefire understanding and yet the shadows of the conflict still loom large. The situation of peace between India and Pakistan rests on very unstable grounds, thereby creating conditions for a fragile or a ‘negative peace’. A negative peace exists when there is a cessation of hostile activities on both ends and yet the underlying issues of conflict still persist.
Why India and Pakistan have failed to find adequate deterrence under the nuclear threshold, and how this causes incessant strife between the two nuclear-armed South Asian neighbours.
